Philosophy

The paper considers the problems of personality and society, right and morals. The author analyses the peculiarities of Hegel's philosophy of right, underlines the importance of these questions in the German classic philosophy as the principle of freedom is the most significant humanistic value.

(In Russian, p.6, ref.4, MS Word 95, WinZIP 13.5 Kb)

 

The paper considers the philosophical ideas of medieval thinkers as concepts of substance. The author points out that there is a connection between the Middle Ages philosophers and the philosophers of Ancient Greece, for example Aristotle, Plato, Democritus.

(In Russian, p.8, ref.14, MS Word 95, WinZIP 19.5 Kb)

 

The paper shows how the ideas of mental representation of words and sentences, on one hand, and "words of the heart" - on the other, were the objects of lively debates in the XIII-XIV сenturies, in which the stakes were nothing less than the universality of thought and its relation to language.

(In Russian, p.10, ref.19, MS Word 95, WinZIP 24.5 Kb)

 

The paper considers the views of theorists of social philosophy and philosophy of Enlightenment history on the problem of artificial and natural in social reality. On the basis of comparison and analysis of social and philosophical theories of Enlightenment philosophers the author shows the peculiarities of their views on artificiality of social and historical life of a person.

(In Russian, p.14, ref.14, MS Word 95, WinZIP 29 Kb)

 

The paper has considered the problems of the dialogue of Russian and German philosophy which began in the XVIII century. Now, when different cultures have become closer to each other and a person and his world outlook have changed, this dialogue is especially actual. Modern philosophers should analyze and comprehend theoretical heritage of West European and Russian philosophy and overcome scholastic and pseudo-ideological approach to the estimation of crisis processes.

(In Russian, p.16, ref.17, MS Word 95, WinZIP 36.5 Kb)

 

The paper has considered the relation of freedom and personality, unity of mankind and nature in Hegel's philosophy. There is an analysis of Hegel's conception of culture as realization of freedom of thought and confirmation of similarity of methodological approaches of the German philosopher and the Russian thinkers of the XIX and the beginning of the XX centuries.

(In Russian, p.12, ref.12, MS Word 95, WinZIP 25.7 Kb)

 

The paper is devoted to one of the fundamental problems of the Christianity: the question of divine and human parts of Jesus Christ. The valentinianism - the early Christian heresy of the II century A.D. - has solved this problem the other way than the Orthodoxy Christianity and thus has determined the different approach to many philosophical and theological questions of this religion. This approach led to the creation of the different structure of the valentinians' church - "The Church of the Superior Seed".

(In Russian, p.6, ref.7, MS Word 95, WinZIP 16.1 Kb)

 

In the paper the social philosophy and Kant's philosophy of history has been analyzed. The paper has proved that in the philosophy of Kant the legal world outlook has lost not only its pretension to be universal but also autonomy and self-sufficiency of the right.

(In Russian, p.14, ref.9, MS Word 95, WinZIP 29.6 Kb)

 

In the work the philosophical meaning of one of the major methodological principles of physics - the principle of complementarity - has been considered.

(In Russian, p.4, ref.7, MS Word 95, WinZIP 9.1 Kb)

 

The paper contains the analysis of historical and philosophical views of M.M.Filippov on the progress of the society, philosophy, sciences and historical process. In spite of the governmental reaction Filippov was the first to publish Marxists works and advanced achievements of scientific ideas. He devoted his historical and philosophical works to the most actual problems of the Russian science and philosophy. He was also the first who studied the influence of the West-European philosophy on the Russian culture and philosophy.

(In Russian, p.6, ref.5, MS Word 95, WinZIP 13.7 Kb)

 

The paper analyzes an actual problem of Russian philosophy of the second half of the XIX century - the problem of the social progress. This problem is also central in the philosophical heritage of N.V.Shelgunov. His materialistic views helped him to create a definite system in which the social progress was considered as a result of two interconnected processes: the economic development and the level of education and culture of the society.

(In Russian, p.8, ref.15, MS Word 95, WinZIP 16.9 Kb)

 

The paper has considered A.I. Hertzen's conception of "Russian socialism" as a national variant of a "society reconstruction". The reconstruction would transform mankind in the fourth formation which would be formed by socialist ideas. Hertzen's projects of a reform of different spheres in the Russian society (worked out by Hertzen in the opposite to the governmental reforms of 1861) have been analyzed. Hertzen thought the socialist Russia would be confederate, liberal and democratic, its economics would develop on the basis of producers associations, self-government, commodity-money relations, competition of different forms of property, private as well. The comparative analysis of Hertzen's and Russian Christian socialism has been presented in the paper.

(In Russian, p.16, ref.45, MS Word 95, WinZIP 35.3 Kb)

 

Pisarev as well as some other Russian thinkers made much in working out the problem of personality. The philosophers of that school used the materialistic approach to researching personality essence, forms of its functioning and development. They also used the system "personality - social environment" to explain various phenomena of social life. This system allowed to find real scientific and social bases of the personality development.

(In Russian, p.6, ref.9, MS Word 95, WinZIP 15 Kb)

 

The paper considers the phenomena of national consciousness and self-consciousness of Russian people which were studied by the Russian philosophers emigrated abroad after the revolution of 1917. The paper shows the connection between their thoughts of essence and different aspects of national existence of Russia and thoughts of modern researchers of national problems of the country.

(In Russian, p.6, ref.11, MS Word 95, WinZIP 16.3 Kb)

 

The paper shows the way two opposite philosophical schools - Slavophiles and Westernizers - considered the problem of personality. The author has paid special attention to the fact that both schools appeared and existed simultaneously in the first part of the XIX century in Russia and were worked out by thinkers of one and the same time.

(In Russian, p.4, ref.8, MS Word 95, WinZIP 13.1 Kb)

 

The paper contains the comparative analysis of the Euroasian concept of the Russian history. The characteristic of this concept, the genesis and main features of Euro-asianism has been presented. The special attention has been paid to the idea of connection of a geographic landscape with a history of the country.

(In Russian, p.8, ref.13, MS Word 95, WinZIP 19 Kb)

 

The paper has considered the analysis of the Slavophiles' and Neoslavophiles' approaches on the development of the Russian philosophy and culture. The attention has been paid to study of connection and influence of the Russian and German philosophical schools. The evolution of the Russian philosophy from the Slavophiles to the Neoslavophiles and the basic factors influencing on this process have been presented in the paper.

(In Russian, p.10, ref.5, MS Word 95, WinZIP 23.3 Kb)

 

The problem of religious substantiation of morality is actual for the situation in Russia. Four logically possible kinds of relation between morality and religion have been discussed in the paper. It is being proved that morality cannot be founded on absolute moral norms and values. Within the religious ethics the ethics of supremacy and submission are factually justified and this destroys the foundation of morality in the positive sense.

(In Russian, p.10, ref.11, MS Word 95, WinZIP 23.6 Kb)

 

The paper has considered basic theoretical sources and cultural prerequisites of the Russian erotic philosophy of the end of the XIX - the beginning of the XX centuries (so-called "the silver century"). The author has presented the essential characteristics of the Russian philosophy of love and sex of "the silver century" and has shown that the Russian erotic philosophy is a part of world philosophy of love and a product of centuries-old Russian erotic culture.

(In Russian, p.6, ref.7, MS Word 95, WinZIP 15.9 Kb)

 

The paper has analyzed the social, political and economic reasons of women emancipation in Russia in the second half of the XVIII century and has shown the importance of the Russian enlightenment philosophy in this process.

(In Russian, p.3, ref.5, MS Word 95, WinZIP 8.9 Kb)